June 20-21, 2022
Rome, Italy
Bienvenue!
To all the attendees who are set to participate from around the world, we are delighted to welcome you to attend the “3rd Annual Congress on Vaccines and Immunization” which for the first time in two years is set to happen at the City of Rome, Italy, on June 20-21, 2022.
After nearly two years of online conferences, the committee is delighted to welcome all the attendees to attend Vaccines 2022 in Italy and Make the event as special as the previous editions of the Vaccine conferences.
“Advancements and Innovations in Vaccine Research” is the theme for this Vaccines 2022 event which aspires to discuss in detail. With the importance of the need for vaccines widely recognized by the people and scientific community alike, the conference will serve as a platform to discuss vaccines and their growing importance over the past few years.
With the widespread of COVID-19 which hasn’t still resolved in many of the major countries and the threat that it imposes on the community, the arrival of a wide variety of Vaccines to reduce the effects of COVID-19 has certainly helped some of the major countries to not fall into the relapse of the previous waves of virus which wreaked havoc around the world.
The Organizing Committee of the Vaccines 2022 would also be delighted to express their gratitude to the frontline workers who have put their lives on the line to keep the society and the nation much safer than before.
The Vaccines 2022 provides various opportunities to researchers and scholars and the reasons to attend the events include,
Why to attend?
Target audience:
Conference Opportunities:
For Researchers and Faculty Members:
For Universities, Associations & Societies:
For Students and Research Scholars:
For Business Delegates:
For Product Manufacturers:
With this, we officially welcome you to the Vaccines 2022 and look forward to the major contributions by some of the leading scientific personalities from around the world!
Wear a Face cover!
Wash your hands!
Keep social distancing!
Understanding the facts and taking reasonable measures protect yourself and those around you.
To prevent COVID-19 from spreading,
Protect yourself and people around you by understanding the facts and adopting reasonable precautions. To stop the spread of COVID-19, Hands should be washed frequently. Using soap and water, or an alcohol-based hand massage.
Keep a safe distance from someone who coughs or sneeze
Should not come into touch with the face, mouth, or nose.
Protect your nose and mouth with your bent forearm or a tissue if you cough or sneeze.
Sit at home if you're sick.
If you develop a fever, cough, or difficulty breathing, seek medical help·
We would be really grateful if you followed our guidelines and acted in accordance with government regulations in order to make this event as big and successful as possible..
-Vaccines 2022
Global Exposure:
Some of the world's most recognised and prominent researchers are expected to attend the conference. The topics that will be covered are out of this world, and your work and presentation may have a favourable impact on some of the scholars who will be attending the event
Industrial Exposure:
Some of the world's largest pharmaceutical corporations will be represented at this conference, and their knowledge and skills will undoubtedly influence the delegates.
Scientific Recognition:
Vaccines 2022 is a historic event that will allow every researcher from around the world to present their work and the effort that they have put into it.
Vaccines:
The early human vaccines against viruses were mostly based on the recovery of immunity from weakened or attenuated viruses. Vaccine associate degree virus was utilized as a pox immunizing agent because it was comparable enough to pox to protect against it but did not cause major sickness. The craziness was the first virus to be attenuated in order to create a human immunizing agent. Vaccines are made using a variety of techniques. They'll include live viruses that have been attenuated (weakened or altered so that they don't cause illness); inactivated or killed organisms or viruses; inactivated toxins (for diseases in which the bacteria's toxins, rather than the microorganism themselves, cause illness); or simply segments of organisms.
1. Inactivated Vaccines
2. Live-Attenuated Vaccines
3. Toxoid Vaccines
4. Recombinant Vaccines
5. Subunit and Conjugate Vaccines.
HIV Vaccines:
The majority of early human virus vaccines relied on the recovery of immunity from weakened or attenuated viruses. Because it was similar enough to pox to protect against it but did not cause serious illness, vaccine associate degree virus was used as a pox immunising agent. The crazy virus was the first to be attenuated in order to provide a human vaccine. Vaccines are created in a variety of ways. They'll contain live viruses that have been attenuated (weakened or changed so that they don't cause illness); inactivated or killed organisms or viruses; inactivated toxins (for diseases that are caused by the bacteria's toxins rather than the microbe itself); or just segments of organisms
1. Clinical Trials for HIV-vaccine development
2. Possible solutions regarding HIV-Vaccine
3. Available vaccine-based treatments for HIV
4. Various struggles regarding vaccine development
5. Vaccination treatment for HIV
Respiratory Disease Vaccine:
A vaccination to prevent certain diseases is the most common way to immunize an individual against sickness. Antibodies are effective in eradicating infections in specific zones in a few cases. Polio immunization, for example, works by delivering a person a substance that contains very small pieces for a debilitated frame of an irresistible specialist, such as a virus or bacterium. Infusion is the most common method of delivery. The infection or germ reactivates the body's immune system, allowing antibodies to be sent. When these antibodies are exposed to the disease, they can recognize it and effectively crush it. This makes a difference in preventing an individual from succumbing to an irresistible sickness in the future. If you've got.
1. Vaccination for Adults
2. Adults with respiratory problems
3. Vaccines for diabetic respiratory condition
4. Vaccine for Influenza treatment
5. Pneumococcal disease treatment by vaccines.
Tuberculosis Vaccine:
An immunization is the most popular method of immunising someone against degree infection. In a few cases, antibodies offer a sure-fire way to get rid of illnesses in specific ranges. Intense front poliomyelitis is captured in the cases. Inoculation works by administering a material containing really little components for a crippling type of relating degree specialist virus or bacteria. As a rule, associate degree infusion is used to deliver information. The infection or bacteria stimulates the body's defence mechanisms to produce anti-bodies. When these antibodies are exposed to the pathogen, they are ready to recognise it and successfully eradicate it. This makes a difference in preventing someone from contracting a communicable disease if they come into touch with it for an extended period of time.
1. Pulmonary Vaccines
2. Pre-infection TB Vaccine
3. Vaccine development for Tuberculosis
4. High efficacy vaccine development
Paediatrics Vaccine:
Immunizations against a variety of illnesses, including infectious disease, polio, lockjaw, diphtheria, and respiratory illness (whooping cough). Due to a long period of immunization, the majority of those illnesses' units of measurement are currently at their lowest levels in history. Adolescents should obtain at least a few antibodies before heading off to college. Immunizations assist you in avoiding serious illnesses while avoiding being wiped out first. Antibodies work best when given to children at a young age. For example, if children are inoculated until they are at least one year old, they do not contract infectious diseases. If it is given beforehand, it will not work in expansion.
1. Vaccines for Kids
2. Diphtheria Vaccine
3. Tetanus Vaccine
4. Polio Vaccine (Inactivated form)
5. PCV-13
6. Hepatitis-B Vaccine
Clinical Immunology:
Clinical immunology aids in the investigation of disorders linked to immune system dysfunction or injury. The allograft process is one of the cases that clinical immunology focuses on. In other situations, the immune system rejects such grafts, producing antibodies that aren't required and causing harm to the internal system. Clinical immunology study focuses on the immune system's operating mechanism and how it reacts after antigens reach the body.
1. Immunodeficiency
2. Autoimmunity
3. Graft rejection
4. Drug modifications
5. Hypersensitive and allergic reaction treatment
Trends and Prospects of Vaccine Development:
Because of the wide range of possible immunogen classes, the complexity of items and forms, and the tight schedules for immunogen development and lifecycle management, makers must invest more in specialist capabilities. In this environment, it is critical that creators, controllers, and providers collaborate to address common issues and opportunities. Unused CMC patterns should be seen, as well as increased use of stage innovations, reliance on prior data, development of novel beneficial and cancer vaccinations, and accelerated development.
1. Discovery of Antigen
2. Antigen Processing
3. Antigen-Antibody Interaction
4. Clinical trials and Testing
5. Host susceptibility and treatment.
Hepatitis Vaccine:
Hepatitis A and liver illness viral hepatitis are 2 shapes of hepatitis. (The others are assortments C, D, and E.) You get them from infectious disease. Each one of these infections is completely diverse. In any case, the maladies they cause are comparative. Liver malady brings liver irritation, and it is genuine or may be genuine. There are secure and compelling immunizations that will halt hepatitis A and B (but not for assortments C, D, or E). There is conjointly a blend immunizing specialist that watches against hip to A and B.
1. Hepatitis A
2. Targeted vaccine treatment.
3. Hepatitis B
4. Hepatitis Vaccine treatment
5. Liver treatment
Human Vaccination:
With a considerable increase in population and the constant increase in numerous amounts of bacteria and viruses, the human system is prone to various diseases which considerably affect the immune system. Human Immunization is the process of vaccinating a individual so as to improve their immune potential if they are to be affected by any invading micro-organisms.
1. Vaccinating Humans
2. Issues regarding vaccines
3. Vaccine Compatibility
4. Production of Vaccines with high efficacy.
5. Process of Vaccination.
Veterinary vaccines:
Veterinary vaccines and specifically designed to treat medical conditions that are associated with animals and the resulting disease my affect humans if they were to be in contact or affected by such animals. The vaccines are specifically developed and mostly are in an inactive state so the acquired immunity of the individual can increase considerably and more treatable.
1. Parvovirus vaccine
2. Distemper vaccine
3. Canine vaccine
4. Hepatitis vaccine
5. Rabies Vaccine
Rotavirus Vaccine:
Rotavirus is a common viral infection that is mostly found among young infants and children which causes severe diarrhoea and dehydration. Since the virus has the potential to spread easily, vaccination is suggested for infants to tackle the issue caused by rotavirus. The initial dose of vaccine is given after 15 weeks of birth and various doses are given during an 8 month period of child growth.
1. Rotarix
2. RotaTeq
3. Rotasill
4. Rotavac
Immune system:
Immune system works to protect the body against infection, illness and disease. It can also protect us from the development of cancer. The immune system includes the lymph glands, spleen and white blood cells. The immune system recognizes and responds to antigens. It recognises cancer cells but it is not strong enough to kill the cancer cells and the cancer cells produce signals that stop the immune system from attacking it to hide or escape from the immune system. Thus, the presence of an infection must be detected by the innate and adaptive immune system. The adaptive immune system generates immunological memory exposure to an infectious agent produces an immune response that can persist, and protect the host in a subsequent exposure.
Vaccine Delivery System:
The Delivery of vaccine is essential to activate the immune system and treat any complications. But in some cases, it may not prove to be effective, and the vaccination process may backfire. The general process of delivery is through direct means(mouth) or in some case through injection(liquid). Some advanced treatment requires the complete vaccine to treat such conditions and to improve the efficacy of vaccine for treatment, various methods are being developed to tackle such problems caused by conventional vaccination process.
1. Mucosal delivery system.
2. Vaccination by using Adjuvants.
3. DNA vaccine delivery
4. Microneedle based delivery.
5. Vaccination using Nanoparticles.
Immunogenetics:
Immunogenetics is the branch that explores the relationship between the immune system and genetics. Genetics is the science researching the transfer of characteristics from one generation to the next. The genes of an organism (strands of DNA) and the transfer of genes from the parent to the child generation of an organism in the scope of possible variations are the basis of genetics. The term immunogenetics is based on two words immunology and genetics. Immunology deals with the biological and biochemical basis for the body's defense against germs such as
1. Bacteria
2. Virus
3. Mycosis.
Vaccination during Pregnancy:
Vaccination is the process of increasing one’s immune response by making most of the T-cells to Memory T-cells to counterattack at a faster rate and high virulency if they are to be attacked by the same antigen. Vaccination during pregnancy has the potential to influence infant so in most of the cases, vaccination during pregnancy is mostly avoided. However, pregnant women are also susceptible to some infection and are requested to take some vaccines before or during pregnancy. But some of the vaccines are even suggested during pregnancy in case of global pandemic.
1. Vaccines during pregnancy
2. Risk factors associated with vaccines.
3. Vaccine research
4. Vaccine for Maternal-fetal immunization.
5. Pregnancy and Covid-19 vaccine
Immune Tolerance:
Immune tolerance therapies seek to reset the immune system so that the body stops mistakenly attacking its own organs or cells in autoimmune disease or accepts foreign tissue in organ transplantation. A recent therapeutic approach is the infusion of regulatory immune cells into transplant recipients. The transfer of regulatory immune cells has the potential to inhibit the activity of effector.
Vaccines for Fish Aquaculture:
Aquaculture is the process of breeding, raising, and harvesting fish at a cultured environment which provides a suitable and adaptive condition for fish to grow and to be healthy. Sea based plants are also planted to provide the same aquatic culture for the animals. Maximising the growth and multiplying the fishes also has its consequences. This environment has the potential to be more viral friendly and affect the entire eco-system. This can be prevented by having basic good husbandry practices, if not they are to be reduced by vaccination or by using immunostimulants which boosts increases the immunity to its maximum potential.
1. Bacterins
2. Live, Attenuated Vaccines
3. Toxoids
4. Subunit Vaccines
5. Aquaculture vaccine research
COVID-19 Vaccines:
Covid-19 or novel coronavirus is the recent viral infection which has risen as a pandemic and greatly affecting the majority of world and neutralizes the entire nominal system. From the time virus started to spread, various pharmaceutical industries and universities have been working on finding a suitable vaccine to treat this virus. In the late November, AstraZeneca and oxford university have announced that they have been successfully developed the vaccine (with higher efficacy) and since then has been approved by WHO for using the vaccines on a global stage. Bharat Biotech have also successfully developed a vaccine for covid which has been circulated throughout India and around the world. However, there were concerns regarding the efficacy of the vaccine and whether it has undergone every clinical trial possible. These vaccines are currently used around the world in the fight against covid.
1. Pfizer Covid-19 Vaccine
2. AstraZeneca/Oxford COVID Vaccine
3. Safety and efficacy reports
4. Side effects of intaking such vaccines
5. Vaccine research to have higher efficacy.
Immunotoxicology:
Immunotoxicology (sometimes abbreviated as ITOX) is the study of the toxicity of foreign substances called xenobiotic and their effects on the immune system. Some toxic agents that are known to alter the immune system include: industrial chemicals, heavy metals, agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, drugs, ultraviolet radiation, air pollutants and some biological materials. The effects of these immunotoxic substances have been shown to alter both the innate and adaptive parts of the immune system. The toxin-induced immune dysfunction may also increase susceptibility to cancer. Immunotoxic agents can damage the immune system by destroying immune cells and changing signalling pathways. This has wide-reaching consequences in both the innate and adaptive immune systems. Changes in the adaptive immune system can be observed by measuring levels of cytokine production, modification of surface markers, activation, and cell differentiation.
Risks and Disadvantages of Vaccination:
Vaccinations are mostly viruses or bacteria that are in their inactive state and helps in enhancing the immune activity. They usually cause mild effects such as swelling, soreness and sometimes increases the body temperature. However, in some cases, vaccines may cause some severe effects, but they are very rare. Some of the European countries have stopped the use of AstraZeneca vaccine as they seem to cause blood clots and Austria have reported a person have died because of it. However, there was no evidence regarding such actions and WHO has requested to use the vaccine on such countries.
1. Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
2. Adverse body reaction
3. Vaccine information Statement
4. Hyperactivity
5. Disorders and diseases.
Immunopathology:
Immunopathology is a branch of medicine that deals with immune responses associated with disease. It includes the study of the pathology of an organism, organ system, or disease with respect to the immune system, immunity, and immune responses. In biology, it refers to damage caused to an organism by its own immune response, as a result of an infection. It could be due to mismatch between pathogen and host species, and often occurs when an animal pathogen infects a human (e.g. avian flu leads to a cytokine storm which contributes to the increased mortality rate).It could refer to how the foreign antigens cause the immune system to have a response or problems that can arise from an organism's own immune response on itself. There are certain problems or faults in the immune system that can lead to more serious illness or disease.
Vaccination: Recent research and Future Prospects:
With the increase in number of cases around the world, research work has become the major factor to solve any issues concerning the viral infection. The research works proved to be more that effective and the counterattack against the virus has started but still have a long way to go. Targeted vaccination research works are still ongoing and if succeeds, it can greatly influence the process of treatment and recovery of the individual. Various research works are done on using vaccines for smallpox and polio and are working to further improve their efficacy. Furthermore, research works are also being done to improve maternal Immunization and other such research works.
1. Covid-19 vaccine development with improved efficacy
2. Maternal Immunization
3. Improving efficacy for treating pneumococcal diseases
4. Development of Cancer vaccines
5. Development of targeted vaccine treatment.
Immunotherapy:
Immunotherapy or biological therapy is the treatment of disease by activating or suppressing the immune system. Immunotherapies designed to elicit or amplify an immune response are classified as activation immunotherapies, while immunotherapies that reduce or suppress are classified as suppression immunotherapies. Some types of immunotherapy are also called targeted treatments or biological therapies. Cell-based immunotherapies are effective for some cancers. Immune effector cells such as lymphocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells (NK Cell), cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), etc.There are different types of immunotherapy. These include
1. Monoclonal antibodies
2. Checkpoint inhibitors
3. Vaccines
Vaccine distribution and effects:
Various types of vaccines are discovered to treat the individuals during the pandemic and vaccine distribution is essential to achieve the target of vaccinating people around the world. With the second wave and third wave of cases are increasing around the world, the distribution of vaccine will play a major part in reducing such effects. Some minor countries are still deprived of vaccines and necessary steps are to be taken if the numbers or to be reduced soon. The distribution of vaccine and its availability makes it essential in terms of vaccine production process.
1. Large Production of Vaccines.
2. Vaccine distribution
3. Vaccine availability
4. Collective and Controlled Distribution.
Market Analysis
The Vaccine Market was heavily focused on its Pipeline at the start of 2021 to boost the production of vaccines that are primarily used in cancer research and other diseases. However, the global epidemic has caused several corporations to temporarily suspend or altogether refrain from investing in the process for some time. Because most countries are on lockdown as a result of the Covid-19 epidemic, pharmaceutical companies have begun to focus more on identifying a suitable vaccine for treatment. Since the vaccine market has been tiny for some time due to pharmaceutical pipelines focusing mostly on drug research, vaccine manufacturing has seen a considerable increase in the years 2021-2022 as supply and demand for the vaccines balance out.
Despite the fact that the market has grown significantly over time, the availability aspect remains significant, as most non-developed countries find it difficult to obtain vaccines, even for infants at a young age.
WHO has made a significant contribution to addressing this element and making it feasible for every newborn to receive their immunisation shot at a young age! Since the beginning of 2017, the vaccine value has grown at a rate of 31.3 billion dollars each year.
However, in the year 2019, the CAGR was found to be 41.7 billion dollars, indicating a significant growth. The CAGR for the vaccine production and distribution process is also predicted to reach a whopping 58.4 million dollars by 2024. This is due to the increasing need of the vaccine and to derive vaccine-based solutions to diseases for which the vaccine treatment is not available.
(1).jpg){kind=link}
.jpg){kind=link}